What is the standard VAT rate in the UK?

The UK standard VAT rate is 20%. A reduced rate of 5% applies to some goods and services, and a zero rate applies to others such as most food and children's clothing.

How do I add 20% VAT to a price?

Multiply the net price by 1.2. £100 net becomes £120 gross, so the VAT is £20.

How do I remove 20% VAT from a price?

Divide the gross price by 1.2. £120 gross becomes £100 net, so the VAT is £20.

UK VAT Calculator

Add or remove UK VAT at the standard 20% rate — or switch to 5% / your own rate.

Country / region

Currency

Amount

VAT rate (%)

Calculation mode

Add VAT (net → gross) Remove VAT (gross → net)

Net (excl. VAT)—

VAT amount—

Gross (incl. VAT)—

Reverse VAT

UK VAT rates at a glance

Standard rate: 20% — most goods and services.
Reduced rate: 5% — for example some energy and children's car seats.
Zero rate: 0% — for example most food, books and children's clothing.

The rate you charge depends on what you sell and to whom. When a UK business sells to a VAT-registered business in another country, the reverse charge often means no VAT is added by the seller.

Adding and removing 20% VAT

Add: net × 1.2 = gross. £100 → £120 (VAT £20). Remove: gross ÷ 1.2 = net. £120 → £100 (VAT £20).

See VAT rates by country or try the full calculator.

This page is a calculation aid, not tax advice. Confirm current rates and your registration status with HMRC.